> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.intersectmbo.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.intersectmbo.org/intersect-knowledge-base/archive/cardano-governance-archive/key-terms/ratification.md).

# Ratification

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Ratification refers to a [Governance Action](/intersect-knowledge-base/archive/cardano-governance-archive/key-terms/governance-action.md). A Governance Action gets approved (or ratified) if it reaches the defined [thresholds](/intersect-knowledge-base/archive/cardano-governance-archive/key-terms/threshold.md).

Governance actions are ratified through on-chain voting actions. While different kinds of governance actions have different requirements, ratification always involves two of the three governance bodies (DReps, Constitutional Committee and SPOs), with the exception of a hard-fork initiation, which requires ratification by all governance bodies.

Depending on the type of governance action, an action will be ratified when a combination of the following occurs:

* the Constitutional Committee (CC) approves of the action (the number of 'Yes' votes meets the CC’s threshold)
* the DReps approve of the action (the stake controlled by the DReps who vote 'Yes' meets a certain threshold of the total active voting stake)
* the SPOs approve of the action (the stake controlled by the SPOs who vote 'Yes' meets a certain threshold over the total registered voting stake)

\
The ratification period is the time that elapses between a governance action being submitted and its ratification.


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